History of turning in Iran and the world
The oldest carved objects in the world were obtained from the tomb of “Tut Ankh Amun” in Egypt, which are more than three thousand years old. “Lathe wheel” or in some cases “workshop” or “lathe machine” is one of the main and evolved tools in the art of turning. Due to the fact that lathe wheels have variety, they are only used to turn one work piece, so in successive centuries, new lathe machines were not invented and they came from the gradual evolution and improvement of different types. The reliefs, objects and archaeological excavations are historical documents about the use of the lathe and the art of turning in the past, the oldest example of which is the Egyptian relief found in the tomb of Petrosiris. On this relief, two men turning with the most basic type of lathe are depicted. The way the machine works on this relief is that the rotational force is directed by an assistant by moving the rotating belt back and forth around the work. and rotates the piece and performs the turning operation in another part of the lathe with its special tool. Among other examples found by archaeologists is the Elamite relief, which dates back to three thousand years ago. What draws attention to this relief are the turned legs of the stool and the table in front of the woman spinning yarn.
Turning is the art of turning and shaping wood due to the rotary movement of the turning machine. The production of products such as canes, reeds and hookah bodies, chess pieces, sugar bowls, wooden combs, lamp bases, clothes sticks, rolling pins, sofa and chair bases, pipes, etc. is the subject of turning art. Wood turning is one of the industries, crafts and arts related to wood, which has been popular in our country for a long time, and although the date of its beginning cannot be determined exactly, but considering that wood is one of the first raw materials that mankind is known and used, its beginning can be considered related to the short periods after the construction of the first wooden tools, which were mostly defensive. Carpentry, currently, is common in the regions of our country where wood, the most important and main raw material of this art-industry, is found. Rasht, Urmia, Saqqez, Dezful, Chalus, Sari, Sanandaj, Ardabil, Tabriz and Tehran are among the important centers of wood turning products production. In addition, it should be said that wood turning is one of the industries and arts that is more or less common in most cities of Iran. Various woods are used in wood turning, but the most common ones are walnut, elm, alder, sparrow tongue, He mentioned boxwood, willow, pear, white wood and plantain.
In addition, it must be said that in some regions of our country, special local woods are also used, such as in Dezful, a local wood called “jagh” and in Iranshahr, “kahoor wood” which is among the native trees of the region, is used by kharatan. take In addition to wood, other raw materials used in turning are silkworm, varnish, alcohol, killer and cellulose varnish. Lathe tools include traditional or electric lathes, files, knives, axes, hand drills, hammers, clamps, long-handled pliers, pliers, saws, etc. To make wood turning products, several steps are taken, which are as follows:
1- Choosing the type of wood in relation to the manufactured product.
2- Cutting wood with a band saw and using a grater so that the wood is roughly the size needed for the object to be made.
3- Attaching the cut wood to the lathe and rounding it or making it semi-finished.
4- If it is desired to produce a hollow product, the semi-finished work is attached to the lathe using three systems and hollowed out.
5- Completing the semi-finished work and paying its external part by sanding and then sanding, as well as the product’s killer work. After completing this step, the product is ready for supply and sale.